Effect of Overdenture on Teeth Stability

Impact of Overdenture on Teeth Stability Impact of overdenture with crucial and non-fundamental projection teeth on the teeth solidness Conceptual Objective: This investigation meant to look at the impact of overdenture over indispensable and non-imperative projection teeth on the teeth steadiness. Strategies: An exploratory examination was directed as non-randomized controlled preliminary at Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Saudi Arabia during a year (December 2013 to November 2014). Thirty patients were intentional partaken in this investigation, first gathering overdenture over indispensable projection teeth and the second gathering overdenture over non-imperative projection teeth. Connection misfortune and teeth versatility were assessed, following 3 months, a half year lastly following a year. The information were gathered from the two gatherings by survey for segment attributes and perception agenda for evaluating connection misfortune and teeth portability. The information were then investigated by modernized technique; Statistical Package for Social Sciences, (SPSS form 20). Results: The examination demonstrated that the patients have homogenous segment qualities. Overdenture over crucial projection teeth indicated least connection misfortune and teeth portability contrasted with the overdenture over non-essential projection teeth. These distinctions were with high critical insights End: It was reasoned that, the overdenture over fundamental projection teeth was progressively steady and went on the defensive versatility and less connection misfortune than that made over non-indispensable teeth. Watchwords: Overdenture, fundamental and non-crucial projection teeth, connection misfortune and teeth versatility. Presentation: The distinction of overdenture from an ordinary dental replacement is the exactness of dental connections underneath that gives the overdenture much better maintenance. When all is said in done, the future of an overdenture is entirely acceptable, and in spite of the fact that the procedure is very confused, the advantages far exceed the expense and time involved.This is on the grounds that overdenture is truly steady and feels more like regular teeth than normal dentures.They are additionally increasingly retentive and help protect the staying bone (1). Overdenture could be utilized with inserts or over the characteristic teeth. The teeth give great dependability to the false teeth with the goal that patients feel vastly improved similarly as regular teeth, and they can be sure that they won’t move around or drop out, reducing the need to utilize untidy cements (2). There is less weight on the alveolar edge than with ordinary false teeth and patients for the most part feel much progressively certain and can appreciate better wellbeing through having the option to have better nourishment (2). Numerous patients with false teeth look for goals of irritation of bearing tissues and non-steady or retentive false teeth, that may expand feel, capacity, comfort, and mental advantages from embed overdentures, without the requirement for progressively broad fixed rebuilding efforts (4,5). Overdentures are caries and periodontal maladies of the projection teeth as bone resorption. Bone resorption in edentulous alveolar procedures has been concentrated broadly, and the end has been arrived at that it is a constant, dynamic and irreversible procedure that happens in all patients (6). When in doubt, four inserts are the insignificant number in the maxilla so as to evacuate incomplete palatal inclusion. While maxillary overdenture inserts will in general show a somewhat higher danger of disappointment than found in the mandible, this plainly seems, by all accounts, to be connected not to the prosthetic structure however begins as an immediate result of bargained preoperative bone, in this manner requiring a decreased number, length, width, and angulation of inserts (7,8,9). Contrasts have been seen between people in the sum and speed at which alveolar bone is lost, which have been ascribed to a decent variety of variables, for example, age, sex, facial life structures, digestion, oral cleanliness, general wellbeing, wholesome status, methodical diseases, osteoporosis, drugs and the measure of time the patient has been edentulous (10,11,12,13). There is an absence of proof examining the productivity of overdenture over fundamental and non-crucial projection teeth on the supporting structures. This investigation meant to inspect the impact of overdenture over indispensable and non-crucial projection teeth on the teeth steadiness. Techniques: A trial study was directed at Albaha district, Saudi Arabia during a year (December 2013 to November 2014). The investigation test comprised of 30 patients (men) with age of 59 years or above. They were incompletely edentulous for a normal of 28 years, and were wearing their third lower dental replacement. The patients chose were liberated from fundamental maladies. The example was partitioned into two gatherings every one of 15 patients, both rewarded with overdenture, however they were diverse in the projection teeth, the main gathering had fundamental projection teeth while the subsequent gathering had non-indispensable (endodontically rewarded) teeth. The two gatherings weared overdentures and assessed 3 months, at that point a half year and in conclusion following a year, as in regards to the connection misfortune and tooth versatility of the projection teeth in a the two gatherings with essential and non-crucial projection teeth. Arrangement of the projection teeth was done as follow; the crown of every tooth was decreased 2-3 mm over the free gingival edge continuing labially and lingually till an arch molded. Readiness was acquired with a chamfer completing line put subgingivally. The peak of the vault shape was set over the long hub of the projection and the sharp focuses were adjusted. This examination was endorsed by the Ethical Committee at Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University (joined). The assents structures were filled by all members. The privilege of the members to pull back whenever was clarified and saved during the investigation. The information were gathered and factually broke down. The information were then examined by automated technique; (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) (SPSS variant 20). The chi-square test was utilized to test contrasts in patients’ segment attributes in the two gatherings. The autonomous t-test was utilized to recognize contrasts between the two gatherings. Matched example t-test was utilized to quantify contrasts when intercession. All qualities were organized as normal (mean) with standard deviation (SD). P esteems under 0.05 were viewed as huge with level of certainty 95%. Results rundown: As appeared in Table (1), thirty patients partook in this examination were homogenous in the segment attributes. There were unimportant contrasts in the factors, for example, age, training level, and long stretches of edentulous, (P > 0.05). As appeared in Table (2) and Figure (1), the connection misfortune (communicated in mm) in the primary gathering and second gathering. It was obvious from the table that there were noteworthy increments in the connection misfortune with time. It additionally demonstrated that the increments in second gathering are fundamentally higher than first gathering. The table additionally indicated the huge increment of connection misfortune and teeth portability in second gathering (non-essential projection) higher than first gathering (with fundamental projection teeth). Table (3) and Figure (1) got defensive versatility and bone stature (communicated in mm) in the first and second gatherings. It was obvious from the table that there were additionally critical increments through the time in the projection teeth versatility and bone stature (communicated in mm). It likewise indicated that the increments in second gathering are essentially higher than first gathering. Tables and Figures: Table1: Characteristics of gathering 1 and gathering 2 patients took an interest in the investigation. Variable Gathering 1 n1 (%) Gathering 2 n2 (%) P esteem Training level Ignorant 23 (76.7%) 26 (86.7%) 0.12 Essential 7 (23.3%) 4 (13.3%) Period of patients 59.34  ± 1.76 58.65  ± 2.64 0.65 Long periods of edentulous 28.12  ± 2.76 27.89  ± 1.67 0.50 Table 2: Comparing the methods and standard deviations between the connection misfortune for the primary gathering of the fundamental projection teeth and second gathering with non-indispensable projection teeth at the various occasions Variable Gathering 1 Mean  ± SD Gathering 2 Mean  ± SD P esteem Time of assessment 3 months 0.60 mm  ±0.11 0.97mmâ ±0.15 0.04* a half year 0.75 mm  ±0.19* 1.23mmâ ±0.20* 0.02* a year 0.81 mm  ±0.51* 1.54mmâ ±0.49* 0.01* (*) Significant Table 3: Comparing the methods and standard deviations of the tooth portability between the primary gathering of the imperative projection teeth and second gathering with non-crucial projection teeth at the various occasions Variable Gathering 1 Mean  ± SD Gathering 2 Mean  ± SD P esteem Time of assessment 3 months 0.10 mm  ±0.13 0.16â ±0.15 0.01* a half year 0.22 mm  ±0.25 0.28â ±0.29 0.01* a year 0.48 mm  ±0.51 0.53â ±0.49 0.04* (*) Significant Figure 1: Comparing the methods for the connection misfortune and tooth portability between bunch 1 of the crucial projection teeth and gathering 2 with non-fundamental projection teeth at various occasions Conversation: This investigation demonstrated that the connection misfortune in the main gathering with crucial projection is not exactly the connection misfortune in the gathering with non-fundamental projection. It was obvious from the discoveries that there were huge increments in the connection misfortune with time in the subsequent gathering contrasted with the primary gathering. An examination led by Gulizio to analyze the alveolar bone misfortune in the front portion territory with customary complete dental replacement to overdenture along five years. It presumed that, there was a critical decline in alveolar bone misfortune if there should arise an occurrence of overdenture when contrasted with customary complete dental replacement. They credited this finding to the nearness of completed a few investigations that shed light on the resorption procedure that happened in patients wearing overdentures on the two curves (9). Krennmair, in one investigation on edentulous patients with facial style and related structures, found that horizont

A Fishbone Diagram

A fishbone outline, otherwise called a â€Å"cause and effect† graph is a critical thinking strategy utilized in venture the board. It has likewise been alluded to as an Ishikawa graph after a Japanese teacher; Kaoru Ishikawa. Issues emerging in ventures for the most part have numerous causes and now and again, these issues might be interrelated and complex. A fishbone outline is in this way a valuable device that diagrammatically lists these issues helping in their solution.Due to its diagrammatic nature, it is conceivable to see at a solitary look the components encompassing the extend and in this manner distinguish all the difficult zones and subsequently chip away at their answer in and simpler way. This is a significant bit of leeway of this method. Furthermore, it encourages a top to bottom investigation of issues by parting them into causes and sub-causes. This again guarantees an increasingly productive and powerful way to deal with issue solution.It is likewise very s imple to utilize and this stances as a significant bit of leeway over other administration devices. To make a fishbone outline, one draws a flat line highlighting the issue whose arrangement is wanted. Furthermore the reasons for this are recognized and demonstrated by in reverse slanting lines along the principal line, called ‘bones’. Sub-reasons for the issue are normally then recognized and put as sub-branches. In conclusion, a fishbone chart has been said to encourage brainstorming.To concoct the ‘bones’ talked about over, the undertaking the executives board of trustees needs to think and reexamine the causes paving the way with the impact. A case of the utilization of a fishbone graph can be an undertaking to build deals by a specific firm. The â€Å"causes† here subsequently ‘bones’ would then be established by such things, for example, valuing, commercial, showcase, marking, item includes, and so on. All things considered, it is concurred this is a compelling apparatus which each undertaking supervisor should outfitted with.

Practitioner Faculty Members at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Practitioner Faculty Members at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following blog entry was prepared by Sandhya Chari, an MPA student concentrating in Economic and Political Development. _______________________ When I reflect on what Ive learned at SIPA, I find myself very appreciative of my opportunity to study under adjunct faculty. While the full time professors have been nothing short of excellent, I would never have anticipated the importance or impact of the practitioners in my academic career. Last year, I had the opportunity to take Tools for Advocacy, taught by two professors from George Soros foundation, OSI, and a course in Microenterprise Development taught by a professor who also works full time at Development Alternatives Inc. (DAI). This semester I also have the good fortune of taking a course in Microfinance with a professor who spends the majority of his time working at Oxfam. For me, these courses have all provided that necessary real world touch that I wanted out of my policy education. Of course, I know the importance of economics, statistics and development theory and I enjoy those course as well, however these other classes have offered something uniquely different. They have provided opportunities for real world hands on learning, with more feedback for learning without the risks that come with the real world. Like most of my peers, I worked before coming back to SIPA, but one of the biggest reasons for my return to school was that I wanted a shift in my career. As such, a lot of what I hope to do after graduate school will be new for me. For this reason, it is great to get my feet wet in an academic setting first. For example, I had never before encountered a request for proposal or had the need to apply an advertising campaign to a policy issue. My classes taught by professionals currently in the field have given me the opportunity to do these things. They have presented me with work that is identical to what they deal with every day, and have allowed me to learn the basics of creating these things in an academic environment. Further, they have provided a great meeting point of academic theory and practice. The professors assign the readings that they know shape their work and then show how those readings are regularly applied in their professional environment. This makes the experience of doing the reading much more interesting as it shows direct use and application beyond classroom discussion. In addition to these practical skills, working with practitioners has also allowed for an opportunity to meet with professionals in the fields I am interested in. Having sustained interaction in a non-professional setting with these professors has allowed me to catch a different glimpse into their work lives. It has allowed me also to seek their mentorship regarding career possibilities and to explore other areas that might be of interest to me based on their course or organization. In short, they serve as one stop resources where students are able to learn about their field of interest in setting that is academic and professional at the same time. These classes have been invaluable to my time here at SIPA, in fact this summer I was able to directly use things I learned in my micro-enterprise course. I found my bosses referencing the authors we had read, and I found discussions at meetings focused around topics we studied in the classroom. I had never before experienced a melding of classroom and conference room in quite that way before. Im really thankful that I have the chance here to work with faculty who are in the field I see myself working in some day.

The Growth Of Democracy And Emergence Of Political Parties

1.There were many causes for the growth of democracy and emergence of political parties in early 19th century. To begin with, the expansion of franchise was instrumental in the growth of democracy. This occurred because certain legislatures laid back on their policies regarding who was allowed to vote. Many states started to increase white male suffrage, starting with Maryland, Indiana in 1816, Illinois in 1818, and Alabama in 1819. By the mid 1820s majority of the states had expanding voting rights to all white men, or all that paid their taxes. This is a short term cause of the growth of democracy. A long term cause of the growth of democracy was the American Revolution. The revolution helped weaken the elite power at the top of society.†¦show more content†¦He believed that political parties were necessary to counter leaders from abusing power. His party,the â€Å"†Bucktails† became the first political machines and were able to win control of the New York leg islature. Buren’s success was important cause for the emergence of parties. A long term cause for the emergence of parties was the decline in the power of notables in the 1820s primarily due to the emergence of the expanded franchise. Different political parties started to emerge, and most were lead by professional politicians. We can see that as the power of notables decreased, there was more opportunity for others to create their own political parties which obviously lead to the emergence of new political parties: Key Terms: franchise, political machines, Martin Van Buren, spoils system The expansion of franchise was extremely important in the growth of democracy as well as the emergence of political parties. As property qualifications needs to vote were removed in the majority of the states, white men from lower classes were given a say in who the leaders should. This increased the growth of democracy as more people were given a chance to participate in the politics and elections of America. This is also led to the emergence of parties as the new voters tended to vote for those who were dressed simply and had popular ideas. This would lead to the wealthy notables losing

The Narrator in Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man Essay

The Narrator in Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man The narrator in Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man views himself as invisible because he believes the world is full of blind men who cannot see him for who is really is. In the beginning of the story, the narrator is treated by white men as the stereotypical black male - sex-hungry, poor and violent. These white men are completely blind to what black men really are. However, as the novel progresses, the narrator finds a way to remain invisible, yet take power from those who previously held it. Later on, we find that the invisible man eventually†¦show more content†¦It is rather appropriate that the boys are blindfolded, because it shows how the men view these boys. They dont see these black men for who they are, rather as sub-humans, playthings of the white race. Therefore, the black boys true identities are invisible to the white men, which is where the title o f the book is derived. The blindfolds also speak to how the black men cannot see the ulterior motive these men have. On the surface, the white men seem to be on a mission of goodwill, but the reader quickly sees that the boys are supposed to conform to another kind of characteristic associated with blacks - violence. The fight is an obvious allegory to why blacks are so unsuccessful in trying to gain power. Instead of banding together to fight for black rights, they are instead told by white men that the enemies are other blacks, so the blacks end up fighting themselves. The saying of a divided house cannot stand is particularly relevant in this case because the house (the black race) is unmistakably divided. The boys are finally rewarded for all of their hard work as coins and dollar bills are put on a rug. The blacks begin crawling to the money only to find that the rug is electrified. (The narrator will come back to electricity throughout his progression.) 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Emergence of Romanticism Free Essays

The Industrial Revolution and the Emergence of Romanticism The Industrial Revolution was a period of time during the 18th century originating in Europe that resulted in major socio-economic and cultural changes around the world. These changes in part gave rise to the English Romantic spirit, especially in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom’s economic system of manual labor shifted toward a system of machine manufacturing, resulting in the formation of factories and, therefore, modern cities. We will write a custom essay sample on Emergence of Romanticism or any similar topic only for you Order Now It also gave rise to the middle and working classes, aerating more employment opportunities but severely reducing the quality of living for those working, especially those in factories. This wrongful oppression brought on by the manipulation of the impoverished resulted in an intellectual and somewhat political movement known as Romanticism. Romantic artists and authors used their work to communicate the suffering of the people living in the newly industrialized world, and described imagined worlds of beauty and perfection as a form of escape from the harshness that surrounded them. One such artist was William Wordsmith. In his poem â€Å"l Wandered Lonely as a Cloud† Wordsmith uses nature as a form of escapism from the Industrial Revolution. He describes the beauty of a multitude of daffodils and the happiness it brought him. â€Å"And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils. † The mere thought of the perfect and serene environment continues to make him happy and makes him forget of the horrible surroundings he lives in. This type of escapism was well-received, allowing a similar feeling to emanate in others who suffered the worst of the Industrial Revolution. The Chimney Sweeper† by William Blake is a two part poem that analyzes the innocence of child laborers during the Industrial Revolution and exposes the manipulation of authoritarian powers. Blake also used escapism to contrast the bleak reality of industrialized Europe to the beautiful world that was promised to those who put up with working in fatal conditions. And the Angel told Tom, if he’d be a good boy, He’d have God for his father never want Joy. † This excerpt from â€Å"Songs of Innocence† shows the lies that the children were fed in order to keep them obedient ND trusting. Blake more directly accuses the authorities in â€Å"Songs of Experience,† the second part of the poem. â€Å"And because I am happy and dance and sing, They think they have done me no injury, And are gone to praise God and H is Priest and King, Who make up a Heaven of our misery. Despite the worker’s mask of happiness and content, he is truly miserable, unbeknownst to his peers and family, who praise those who are slowly killing him. The government uses the trusted concept of God to force those under them to work and produce goods for them that will make them richer. This poem raised many questions about the effects and ethical state of child labor and lead to the eventual imposition of child labor laws. Another author, Thomas Hardy, exemplifies the effects of the formation of the working classes on the average person in his poem â€Å"The Ruined Maid. In the poem, a prostitute and her former acquaintance, a lowly farmer, discuss their ruined states, despite the former looking and acting more sophisticated and well-endowed compared to her previous appearance and attitude as a farmer. Mirror hands were like paws then, your face blue and bleak, But now I’m bewitched by your delicate weekâ⠂¬ ¦ † The harlot’s friend compares her new appearance to what she used to be, assuming she’s become more successful, but she believes that she’s been ruined, a belief that she repeatedly expresses throughout the poem. This showcases her distorted perception of reality, believing she has it worse than her hard-working friend, when, in fact, the two live in about the same conditions and are both â€Å"ruined. † In many ways, the emergence of Romanticism was a reaction to the effects of the Industrial Revolution. The writings and artwork of many 19th century intellectuals ND artists were created as a revolt against the inhumane treatment of low class citizens and the unnatural transformation of the environment. They used escapism and imagery to provide a beautiful environment that was uncommon in the reality of the industrialized world and to expose the unjust effects that this new mechanized way of life had on not only the environment, but the people. These artists used the Romantic Spirit to instill a sense of hope within the oppressed and proved that the thoughts of individuals can inspire and fight against the majority, eventually coming out on top. How to cite Emergence of Romanticism, Papers

Philip K. Howard - Have Rules Replaced Thinking Essays -

Philip K. Howard - Have Rules Replaced Thinking Bound by Rules Date: October 5, 2000 THE DEATH OF COMMON SENSE How Law Is Suffocating America. By Philip K. Howard Have rules replaced Thinking? This is the question that corporate lawyer, Philip Howard, asks of American law throughout his work. He argues that rules are simply not enough and that they cannot supercede human judgment. He believes that the excess of government regulations does not only not protect Americans, but in fact can even immobilize them and their ability to take action. Howard's book makes an undeniable point that common sense has been lost in American law and he pleads for a freedom from rules, yet he lacks in the way of solutions to the problem that he makes so clear. Howard's undeniable point, proving the weakness of big government, is reached by relating endless stories of illogical and inefficient governmental bureaucracy. First, the example of New York City laws forbidding Mother Theresa from opening two multi-storied homeless shelters unless she were to install elevators in the renovated buildings. Also, Howard questions the U.S department of Defense spending $2.2 billion dollars to process paperwork for $2 billion dollars worth of travel. Other examples of ludicrous government control include a 33-page manual describing the qualification and uses of a hammer, and contract bidding procedures that inadvertently but obviously encourage corruption. Howard clearly makes his point, that the abundance of rules interferes with common sense and this makes it difficult for citizens to retain any power to make their own decisions. But then again, who would seriously dispute that? The second section of Howard's book explains how the routine of the law has brought us to the point where people argue, not even about right and wrong, but about whether something was done the right way. He sees government playing a referee role more often then it finds itself being the decision maker. Howard again concludes with the same principle by emphasizing the dangerous side effects caused by using government to solve every problem and regulate every process. In the final section of his book, Howard moves on to explore the rights revolution. This is a recent movement in which government has taken on the role of your rich uncle under your personal control and now everyone can be a part of a discriminated-against minority. Rights now exist for the handicapped, for the poor, the endangered species, and even the left handed. Howard believes that these rights weaken the understanding of authority and responsibility, and forces government to continue to help them. This does not result in bringing minority groups into society; in fact it has prevented citizens from working together and caused even more segregation and competition. Howard concludes this final section by encouraging the acceptance of responsibility and the value of compromising and maintaining a balance. The main flaw in the book is not the recognition of the problem, which should be obvious to most people, but in the solution. So, sure Philip Howard presents a wonderful case that proves our legal system is too big; there are too many laws and rights that are infringing on our freedom and hampering our nations prosperity. But what does he offer for a clearly focused solution? A return to common sense is all that he offers. No list of ramifications that would result from loosening the hold of the government is included. Nor is there even a list of areas where government could loosen its hold. The main difficulty lies in the fact that there are no easy solutions to this problem. If you loosen regulation you allow bad judgment. If you tighten regulation you don't allow good judgment. It seems like Mr. Howard doesn't acknowledge the difficulty or near impossibility of solving this problem. The beauty of Mr. Howard's book is the great challenge that it presents to its reader to find a way, any way to bring this country out its stupidity and back to sanity. Emotions will stir at mention of the book even weeks after you finish it. Anger, frustration, and a desire for an answer will drive you nuts. Perhaps, this was Mr. Howard's exact intention? Perhaps, he only wanted to share his thoughts

english literature Essay

english literature Essay english literature Essay both in oceania and gilead, rationalised and controlled temporality is supplemented by the state's attempts to manipulate traces of memory 1984: simultaneous control of personal memory and state history is the founding principle of ingsoc's doctrine member's memories are controlled by a way of lunatic dislocation in the mind (doublethink) the handmaid's tale: physical and symbolic remnants of before are either renamed or completely destroyed offred (herself deprived of name and identity) goes shopping and is haunted by echoes of vanished buildings like everything else in gilead, erasure of the past is distinctly gendered, most of the shops carrying things for men are still open it's just the ones dealing in vanities that are closed money is a thing of the past, it is something to be stuck in a photo album to be remembered As well as tearing down, covering up, and otherwise superseding the material culture of the undesirable past, Gilead, like Oceania, attempts actively to reshape its historiography so that the relation between past and present conforms to proper ideological principles. The Party in Nineteen Eighty-Four uses the discourse of history to posit an absolute, irreducible break between a supposedly ghastly pre-Revolutionary past, and a glorious, utopian present and future. To borrow from Derrida, its historiography consists in a series of â€Å"detestable revisionisms† (90), such as the child’s history text that Winston transcribes into his diary, which contrasts the (supposedly) â€Å"dark, dirty, miserable place† that was capitalist London with â€Å"the

Systematic and Systemic

Systematic and Systemic Systematic and Systemic Systematic and Systemic By Maeve Maddox Mark, one of our readers, requests a discussion of the difference between systematic and systemic. Both adjectives derive from the noun system which, in late Latin, meant a musical interval, that is, a difference in pitch between two notes. While retaining its original meaning, the Latin word came to mean, in addition: a union of several metres into a whole, the universe, body of the articles of faith, an organized whole, government, constitution, and a body of men or animals systematic [sis tuh MA tik] In its most common use by the general speaker and writer, the adjective systematic means Arranged or conducted according to a system, plan, or organized method. A novelist, for example, may have a systematic method of organizing note cards. More specialized meanings of systematic occur in the writings of philosophers, statisticians, and biologists, as the following examples from the OED illustrate: Logic: When the same words are used in sentences which express different kinds of propositions, yet in each case the usage is significant, then these words are said to have ‘systematic ambiguity’ This ambiguity is systematic because it can be formulated according to a rule. Statistics: an error with a non-zero mean, so that its effect is not reduced when observations are averaged. Natural history: Pertaining to, following, or arranged according to a system of classification; of or pertaining to classification, classificatory. systemic [sis TEM ik] Note: Beware the pronunciation. I once heard a radio reporter pronounce it as sus tee mik.) The adjective systemic is chiefly a scientific term meaning belonging to, supplying, or affecting the system or body as a whole. It is often used to refer to a condition that affects the nervous system in particular. Read the labels on your gardening supplies. If your herbicide, insecticide, or fungicide is described as systemic, it kills the pest youre after by entering its system and making its way throughout the plants or animals tissues. In 1961 M. A. K. Halliday came up with the term systemic grammar to describe a method of linguistic analysis. The rationale for the use of systemic instead of systematic in this instance eludes me, but then, so does the meaning of this OED example which records the use of the expression: The grammar that assigns to sentences structures like the one in Fig. 1 is generative fusion of elements of American-style immediate-constituent analysis, European-style dependency theory, and British-style systemic grammar. Unless you are referring to an organism, you probably want the word systematic. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant NamesLatin Plural EndingsKn- Words in English

How harry potter fans conceptualise and talk about identities Essay

How harry potter fans conceptualise and talk about identities - Essay Example According to time magazine the aspects of political and social of harry potter (2007), led to the American civil war. About the message in Harry Porter, Rowling states that she wishes to join different world without problems of hierarchy, bigotry and notion of cleanliness. Further states that before ministries are taken over, there are disagreements to regimes that are known and loved. Rowling advocates that authorities should be questioned and not to fully trust the press. (Time magazine, 2007) Main body Rowling encountered big opposition on matters of education against indoctrination. This has clearly been demonstrated on the issue of gay raised by Bill O’Reilly. He was accusing Potter for indoctrinating children to gay, through an outing by his character Albus Dumbledore. In his defense, senior editor Tina Jordan brushed it off as an argument that is shallow. Tina further stated that gay people are well known, and it did not matter whether people knew or not. On continued d iscussion, O’Reilly pointed a finger at Rowling for teaching acceptance and equivalence of homosexuals and heterosexual. On the contrary, his guest Dennis Miller stated that acceptance was good and a child could not be indoctrinated into being gay. (weekly,2003) Catholic Church also had a problem with the books written by Rowling. An organization of roman church in America, accused Rowling of using occult language and mechanisms to indoctrinate children to gay. In Berkley Beacon’s opinion, he says that one parent’s view of indoctrination could be another’s education. Berkley had the intention of countering charges against Rowling that her books promoted homosexuality. At the pick of the controversy, Rowling stated that he did not base on Christian fundamentalists. Rowling also faced challenges with the issues of: racism, Nazism and ethnic cleansing. On the issue of racism, she was not pessimistic but realistic it could be changed. Further, Rowling argued that a committed racist will not be changed by Harry Potter. After Deathly Hallows was published, Rowling answered the e questions on metaphors in ethnic cleansing books. According to her, ‘ethnic cleansing ‘is a political metaphor. Arguably she did not intend to create a Nazi Germany. In her book tour 2007 Rowling discussed about the disagreements to Nazism. On her website, Rowling stated that some of phrases used by Harry Potter were equally used by the Nazis. Phrases such as ‘muggle-born’, ‘half blood’ and ‘pure blood’ had the same hidden logic of death eaters. Another similarity is that of lightening bolt shaped scar. Harry received the scar as a result of a curse from Voldemort, is also a sign of sir Oswald Mosley British union of fascists; Nazi sympathizers (1930s-1940s). According to Rowling, Mosley had married Diana Mitford who had a sister Jessica, whom he named her daughter after. In 1936 Oswald and Diana got married in Be rlin and Adolf Hitler was a guest. Rowling further noted that Unity, Mitford’s sister an arch-fascist was Hitler’s favorite. Narcissa black Harry’s story was developed by Jessica’s story; Diana Mosley married Oswald Mosley (death eater). Her sister unity, was a death eater too. Jessica Mitford married Ted Tonk (muggle-born), even though the family was against it. Since she had eloped with Esmond Romilly her cousin, she was send away by her family. These disagreements were noted by a communist paper in America

Answer question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Answer question - Essay Example Nonetheless, the relationship between Rose and Saba concerning a graphic design desktop computer worth 1,500 did not constitute a valid contract. Despite the seller’s â€Å"offer† of the item for sale, MacIntyre (2013) would argue that Rose’s response did not meet the â€Å"acceptance† test. Her counter-offer of 1,000 for the same item was not readily accepted by the seller, thus stripping the agreement of any validity. This case is almost similar to Hyde v Wrench (1840) 49 ER 132 in which the respondent offered a piece of land valued at  £1,000 for sale (Elliott, & Quinn, 2014). The plaintiff gave a counter offer of  £950 which the seller refused. The plaintiff then communicated his acceptance of the initial offer of  £1,000, but the seller refused to sell the property to him, prompting the litigation for performance. The court is likely to follow the precedent set in Hyde where a counter-offer invalidated the contract and stripped the claimant of the rights to specific performance. The status of contract between Rose and TW depends on whether each party acted reasonably to see its creation. Whereas the two weeks that Rose took to communicate her acceptance of the TW offer was reasonable, it may have been the cause of the subsequent delay, leading TW to revoke the contract. The main legal issue in this case is whether TW made a valid revocation of the offer. The validity of a revocation of an offer principally lies in its communication to the offeree. Rose has grounds against the validity of TW’s letter of revocation. Rose’s claims are backed by the ruling in Byrne & Co v Leon Van Tien Hoven & Co [1880] 5 CPD 344 where the court imposed a ban on revocation of an offer by the postal rule, but allowed acceptance under similar circumstances. As Justice Lindley held in the case, TW would only be deemed as having validly revoked the offer through a direct communication

Background and history of intelligence testing

Background and history of intelligence testing The first intelligence test to be administered was in France in 1905 by Alfred Binet and Theophile Simon. The purpose of the first intelligence test was to identify mentally deficient children in French public Schools (Franklin 2007). Henry Goddard followed and, translated the intelligence test in 1910, and administered it to what he believed were four hundred children who lacked intellectuality and following year the number of students increased to two thousand white children considered normal. (Franklin 2007). In 1911 Goddard was to produce a range of scores that was to be compared to urban, native born foreign born, and others. Suggesting that children cannot learn beyond the scope of their grade of intelligence and was the first to suggest that intelligence tests measured the how much a child was capable of learning at a chronological age (Franklin 2007). Since these tests, an array of intelligence test has been administered to people in attempts to measure a person cognitive abi lity. Assessing students abilities through intelligence testing has questioned of the appropriateness of psychometric measures in regards to reliability and validity. Reliability regarding relies on consistency. For a test to be able to show consistency, error variance must be minimized. Test construction, test administration and test scoring and interpretation are the main three areas of error variance that can affect reliability (Cohen and Swerdilk 2010). It was argued , Simon Binets test needed to be revised in 1937 because the test originally administered in 1917 showed tasks not always as well chosen s those for ages from six to twelve and that upon retesting black students social scientist had shown that black students had received a higher intelligence score(Franklin 2007) . Regarding validity, in the early 1920s black social scientists debated what intelligence testing was measuring. Validity should be psychometrically sound to avoid test bias. Howard Longs research shows the Armys Alpha and Beta test yielded results that were greater in variation of individuals and groups within races than between races (Franklin 2007). Bond a director of Education at Langston University in Oklahoma also agreed explaining that the army intelligence score were a reflection of social and environmental impacts rather than innate intellectual abilities of those tested (Franklin 2007). The Brisbane Catholic Education, concentrated on refugees that seemed to be misrepresented as having an intellectual disability. The argument is that the validity of standardized cognitive tests is not able to measure peoples intelligence from a different background and implying that psychometric instruments had not yet been developed in their country (Fraine and Mcdade). Tests that were stan dardized to certain background schooling experience, level and quality of education and conceptions of behavior test taking experience would affect certain groups if taken the intelligence test(Fraine and Mcdade). There has been problem in intelligence testing and psychometric properties in relation to non- linguistics intelligence testing. In a study results show that although the Ravens Progressive Matrices is supposed to be a culture fair IQ test people from English speaking backgrounds did much better scoring 96.71 that people from Zimbabwean sample that scored 72.36 (Shuttleworth-Edwards, Kemp, Rust, Muirhead, Hartman, and Radloff 2004). Fairness is also a concern when a person takes an intelligence test. Controlling reliability and validity of a intelligence test shows a sound measurement, fairness aims at explaining the test and if it is used in a justifiable way. African refugees have been described as intellectually disable upon Australian schools. The Brisbane Catholic Education in Australia believes refugees from African backgrounds are labeled intellectually disabled upon completing intelligence test and other assessment of consideration such language barriers, culture difference acculturation trauma and previous experiences make it harder for psychologists to assess whether an African American is genuinely intellectually disabled(Fraine and Mcdade). Similar findings displayed that social conditions and low-test scores were highly correlated when measuring mental ability (Franklin 2007). When testing non -linguistic most children scored in the normal range, however these children were black and placed in a sch ool that separated white children from black children (Franklin 2007). The aim of this study is to check for sound psychometric measurements and culture bias when comparing different groups and the intelligence test taken. It is hypothesized that The PSYGAT will show good internal consistency and validity when tested against the Queendom Verbal. It is hypothesizes that the PSYGAT will show low when tested against the culture fair test. The Queendom tests are a verbal and a culture fair IQ test that are believed to have psychometric properties. The PSYGAT is a intelligence verbal test that was created by third year undergraduate psychology students. The PSYGAT was correlated well with the ACER AL a test that was designed by the Australian Council for Education for testing verbal abilities. Method Participants The sample consisted of three hundred and thirty seven undergraduate psychology students recruited from Monash University. Participants were recruited from campuses located at Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa, Clayton, and Caulfield. Participants were split into English speaking background and non-English speaking backgrounds. There were two hundred and sixty females and sixty-eight males. Two hundred and forty four participants were from an English Speaking background and ninety-three participants were from a Non English Speaking background. Materials Participants engaged in taking three intelligence tests. The tests were to be taken in their own time under no supervision. Participants used the computer to complete the three intelligence tests. Just before beginning the PSYGAT intelligence test a questionnaire asked the participants of the sex age and whether they were from an English or non- English speaking background. All participants results would be analyzed at a later stage regarding item analysis. Procedure Undergraduate monash psychology students were asked to complete three intelligence tests that would be administered via computer. Firstly, every participant found access to a computer to participate in the first intelligence test. The first test that was taken was the Queendom Verbal IQ test. Participants attempted the three tests it in their own time and were told that the test should take them approximately 30-35 minutes to complete. After Participants finished the test, they were asked to make sure to keep a track of their score, as they needed the results for later purposes. The second test was the Queendom Culture Fair IQ test. The test involved answering 20 items that participants were told there was no time limits on this test. After completion of this test, participants kept a record of their score. The third test was the PSYGAT. The PSYGAT was a verbal test constructed by third year undergraduate students. Participants were also asked to complete this test as the third and l ast test. Before beginning, the test participants were asked to enter the scores of the Queendom verbal and Queendom culture fair IQ test before continuing to be tested on the PSYGAT verbal IQ test. The test also asked participants of their age and gender and if they were of English or from a Non English background. Results Pearsons r investigated the relationship between the PSYGAT test, Queendom verbal IQ and the Queendom culture fair IQ for English and non-English speaking backgrounds. Pearsons r showed that that there was a significant result according to the relationship of the PSYGAT and Queendom verbal in both the English speaking background group ,r=.433,n=244,p0.05 but a small significant relationship between the PSYGAT and the Queendom culture fair for the non English speaking background group , r=.238,n 93,p0.05. Z scores were also used to determine if there was a significant difference in validity coefficients between the two groups regarding the PSYGAT and Queendom verbal and the PSYGAT and culture fair IQ. Pearsons r-values were transformed into Z scores to determine a statistical significance of the correlations between groups. Pearsons r-values were also transformed into z scores because of participant difference for each group. Results show that there was not a statistical significant d ifference in validity coefficients between the English and non English speaking background of the correlation between the PSYGAT and the Queendom verbal IQ z=-1.39,p>0.05. However a large statistical significance was shown in the correlation between the PSYGAT and the culture fair IQ z=3.73, p> 0.05. Discussion The aim of this study was to check for sound psychometric measurments and culture bias when comparing different groups and the intelligence test taken. It was hypothesized that the PSYGAT and the Queendom verbal would show no statistical significance in validity coefficients between the English speaking groups and non-English speaking groups. It was also hypothesized that there would be a statistical significance in validity coefficient between the PSYGAT verbal and the Queendom culture fair. The study showed that there was weak validity regarding the PSYGAT and Culture Fair IQ tests. Although there was The results of the study-undertaken reveal that intelligence tests can show bias of different groups. These biases from this study can be related to lack of understanding cultural backgrounds as well as using relevant psychometric measures, which can be linked to low validity in intelligence tests. Bonds argument that social and environmental differences in groups can affect test scores are may suggest similarities within this study in regards to the social setting and environment of participants that took the test. The Intelligence and School Achievement of Negro Children also showed that social conditions were highly correlated with low-test score (Franklin 2007). The results from this study show a significant statistical result between groups for the PSYGAT and culture fair test suggesting that social and environmental differences upon taking the test could have caused bias. In addition, The Brisbane Catholic Education argues that psychologists assessing refugees for intellectual abilities may show bias in their assessment due to lack of proper interpretation (Fraine and Mcdade). That is background-schooling experience, level and quality of education and conceptions of behavior test taking experience can reduce a test score for a certain type of group (Fraine and Mcdade). Th is Study could have affected one group more than another because of such factors. Suggestion of having psychometric instruments that can measure intelligence scores for different types of groups should also be developed in both countries to reduce bias in regards to cultural differences. In this case, Intelligence tests need to have psychometric properties that can be valid for analyzing score between different groups Cohen and Swerdilk 2010). Similar findings were found when people from English speaking background and non-English speaking backgrounds were tested on their IQ. Results show that although the Ravens Progressive Matrices is supposed to be a culture fair IQ test people from English speaking backgrounds did much better scoring 96.71 that people from Zimbabwean sample that scored 72.36 (Shuttleworth-Edwards, Kemp, Rust, Muirhead, Hartman, and Radloff 2004). Zindi also suggests that lack of westernized test sophistication may be the cause for lower scores (Shuttleworth-Edwards, Kemp, Rust, Muirhead, Hartman, and Radloff 2004). This study may have contribu ted to some cultural bias in regards to scores because of one of the test may not have been up to standards in regards to psychometric measures regarding content validity. The limitations in this study could have affected the results. Firstly, the way the three tests were administered could have yielded different intelligence scores for both the groups. Supervising the test takers making sure that the tests were taken without any aid of books or other people could change the results, which could have yielded different interpretation of the validity of the tests. In addition, although there was good internal reliability between the groups the large difference in participants could have changed the chronbachs alpha to either a higher or a lower value. Participant range could have also affected the statistical difference between the groups when assessing the PSYGAT and culture fair IQ component of the study. In addition item analyses should also be investigated to check whether the items begin tested are fair to all participants taking the intelligence test. That is one question could portray more than one meaning to different participants taking the test . Cole suggests item analyses is a difficult task because one must ensure that the item being used is relevant in construct therefore affecting bias (Cole 1989).

Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank

Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for 2006 for their efforts in creating economic and social development for the masses below.The Chairman of the Nobel Committee said in his prize announcement speech that poverty is reduced if large groups of people work towards it, and microfinance is one such method. Muhammad Yunus is one person who had the leadership and the vision and took an initiative to translated those visions into practical action, and benefitted people in Bangladesh and other countries. He established the idea to give loans to poor people who had no financial security. Muhammad Yunus was given the award because he established a model for many other organizations to follow.He had the vision that every man, no matter how poor, has some talent within him that he can pursue for his own economic uplift. This is especially true for the women in the society who deserve to get an equal opportunity to men to acquire the necessary finances to pursue t heir talents. Microcredit is one of the methods that Muhammad Yunus thought could help in the erosion of poverty from the world. (Cozyinhel, 2006)Muhammad Yunus gave a speech about the microfinance revolution. In this video, he talks about how he came up with the idea of microfinance. He explained how when Bangladesh was formed, it faced a lot of problems, economy was sliding down and famines struck too. He was an economics teacher at that time and he felt terrible for not being able to use all that he teaches to help the people of his country. He wanted to remove people from this frustration and agony and the one thing that caught his attention most was the ruthlessness of the money lenders in a small village.He researched into how many people in the village actually went to these money lenders for money and found out how less they borrowed. He realized how entrenched the money lending system was in the roots and this led him to the solution that he came up with. He thought that if he gives the mere amount of money to people from his own pocket, they can return that to the money lender and they will be free. So the basic idea he had in mind was to free the people from the money lenders.He did this initially as a onetime action and later wanted to expand this into a systematic system. He then thought of an idea to go to a bank and ask them to lend that amount to the villagers, which blatantly refused to lend money to the poor people because they were not credit worthy. He then convinced them to allow him to be the guarantor and lend money to the poor.This was agreed upon and he kept growing this system. He is of the opinion that during the entire process, all he did was to struggle against mindsets (Calit2ube, 2007).He was also of the opinion that banking system was unjust because it excluded the poor and the women, so he decided to put his maximum focus on lending money to the women. Again at this point, he faced a struggle of mindset because women themselves were scared and unwilling to take the money and use it to create something. But he said that this was not the voice of the woman but the voice of fear and if worked upon patiently, these fears can be removed. Ultimately, they started lending to women and the impact on the families was much stronger than lending to men.Keeping this in mind, Grameen Bank thus started lending 97% to women only! Grameen Bank was owned by these poor women, who were the shareholders and on the Board of Directors, and it worked for the poor women too. Grameen Bank went to the poor, the women and the rurals. They worked on the philosophy, â€Å"The less you have, the more attractive a borrower you are for the Bank† (Calit2ube, 2007).He thus started a system that was then established all over the world. Muhammad Yunus is of the opinion that poverty is not created by the poor people, it is created by the system, by our mindsets and by our institutions. Microfinance enabled people to change their lives , it gave a mere 15$ to enable people to move away from a begging position to a dignified position.In an interview with Charlie Rose, Muhammad Yunus said that the system was to give money to poor people without collateral and a guarantee. The existing financial system served to only top one third people who have a huge amount of money and lent money to those who had money to give you collateral.They decided to give money to those who have no money to start with. It worked so well and expanded all over the world because there always was a crying need for it and nobody had ever paid attention to it (Rose, 2007). He has a strong conviction that such a system if grown exponentially can eradicate poverty from this world because poverty is artificially sown in the society and once that seed is removed, it can be eliminated.

What Is a Message in Communication

In rhetorical  and communication studies, a message is defined as information conveyed by words (in speech or writing), and/or other signs and symbols. A message (verbal or nonverbal, or both) is the content of the communication process. The originator of the message in the communication process is the sender. The sender conveys the message to a receiver.   Verbal and Nonverbal Content A message may include verbal content, such as written or spoken words, sign language, email, text messages, phone calls, snail-mail, and even sky-writing, John O. Burtis and Paul D. Turman note in their book Leadership Communication as Citizenship, adding: Intentionally or not, both verbal and nonverbal content is part of the information that is transferred in a message. If nonverbal cues do not align with the verbal message, ambiguity is introduced even as uncertainty is increased. A message will also include nonverbal content, such as meaningful behavior beyond words. This includes body movement and gestures, eye contact, artifacts, and clothing, as well as vocal variety, touch, and timing Encoding and Decoding Messages Communication  refers to the process of sending and receiving messages, which can also be referred to as encoding and decoding messages. However, say Courtland L. Bovà ©e, John V. Thill, and Barbara E. Schatzman, in Business Communication Essentials, communication is effective only when the message is understood and when it stimulates action or encourages the receiver to think in new ways. Indeed, some people — such as those who are highly media literate, for example — may be able to see much more in a given message than others, says W. James Potter in Media Literacy, adding: They are more aware of the levels of meaning. This enhances understanding. They are more in charge of programming their own mental codes. This enhances control. They are much more likely to get what they want from the messages. This enhances appreciation. In essence, some people may be able to gain far more insight as they decode messages than others, depending on their level of literacy in the medium in which the message is being encoded. Those people will gain a higher understanding, control, and appreciation of a given message. The Message in Rhetoric Rhetoric is the study and practice of effective  communication. A rhetorical act, note Karlyn Kohrs Campbell and Susan Schultz Huxman, in their book, The Rhetorical Act: Thinking, Speaking and Writing Critically, is an intentional, created, polished attempt to overcome the challenges in a given situation with a specific audience on a given issue to achieve a particular end.​ In other words, a rhetorical act is an effort the speaker makes to persuade others of her point of view. In performing  a rhetorical act, a speaker or author creates a message whose shape and form are melded in an effort to persuade an audience. The notion of rhetoric dates back centuries, to the ancient Greeks. Both Cicero and Quintilian accepted the Aristotelian notion that a rhetorical message [inventio] consists of the effective use of logical, ethical, and pathetic proof, says J.L. Golden, et al., in The Rhetoric of Western Thought. Golden adds that the rhetor who has command of these three persuasive strategies is in a good position to motivate an audience, according to these Greek thinkers. Messages in the Media Successful politicians and others have been able to put forward messages to persuade a vast audience as to their point of view. Peter Obstler, in his essay Working With the Media published in Fighting Toxics: A Manual for Protecting Your Family, Community, and Workplace, says: A well-defined message has two key components. First, it is simple, direct, and concise. Second, it defines the issues on your own terms and in your own words. Obstler gives the example of the well-defined message in the slogan used by Ronald Reagans presidential campaign in 1980: Are you better off today than you were four years ago? The message was simple and obvious, but it also allowed the Reagan campaign to control the rhetoric of the 1980 presidential election debate at every turn, regardless of the nature or complexity of the situation in which it was used. Bolstered by the persuasive message, Reagan went on to win the presidency by defeating his Democratic rival, incumbent President Jimmy Carter, in a general election landslide. Sources Barry National Toxics Campaign. Fighting Toxics: A Manual for Protecting your Family, Community, and Workplace. Gary Cohen (Editor), John OConnor (Editor), Barry Commoner (Foreword), Kindle Edition, Island Press, April 16, 2013. Bovà ©e, Courtland L. Business Communication Essentials. John V. Thill, Barbara E. Schatzman, Paperback, Prentice, 2003. Burtis, John O. Leadership Communication as Citizenship. Paul D. Turman, Paperback, SAGE Publications, Inc, November 6, 2009. Campbell, Karlyn Kohrs. The Rhetorical Act: Thinking, Speaking, and Writing Critically. Suszn Schultz Huxman, Thomas A. Burkholder, 5th Edition, Cengage Learning, January 1, 2014. Golden, James L. The Rhetoric of Western Thought.  Goodwin F. Berquist, William E. Coleman, J. Michael Sproule, 8th Edition, Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, August 1, 2003.

Benefits And Life Saving Properties That Vaccines Have For...

Many parents are choosing to forgo vaccinating their young children as of late due to the speculation that vaccines cause life-altering conditions such as Autism, or even something as serious as SIDS, or sudden infant death syndrome. Although this debate has been on going for quite some time now; many of what these parents do not understand is that correlation does not cause causation. A child may have Autism and had been vaccinated and naturally that parent wants to blame something on the reason their child has this disorder so of course they would want to blame the vaccines for this. However, what they do not understand and take into consideration are all the benefits and life saving properties that vaccines have for children and their future. While the only way to create true life-long immunity to a disease is through natural exposure; Children should be vaccinated because not only does it keep the child safe and healthy, but the entire family as well, vaccines are safe and very e ffective, and Vaccines prevent life threading diseases and viruses. Newborn children do not have the best immune system. They do not build up a strong enough immune system to fight of basic pathogens until many months’ even years later on into their life. This factor makes babies much more vulnerable to illnesses than older children or adults. By the time a child reaches even the age of 3 or 4 years old their immune system has been exposed to many different pathogens allowing their bodies to makeShow MoreRelatedThe Fight Against Infectious Disease7655 Words   |  31 PagesBy saving millions of lives and millions of dollars, vaccines have been responsible for some of the greatest successes in public health. 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(1) Since the control group receives only placebos rather than AZT, Wolfe claims that the tests give suboptimal treatment that will result in more children contracting HIV and AIDS. (2) Public Citizen’s Health Research Group and others are calling for an immediate cessation of these important experiments. Public Citizen raises an important moral question. (3) Is it morally permissible to lower testingRead MoreW ewewewewe6226 Words   |  25 Pagesis a human life worth? You may not want to put a price tag on a it. But if we really had to, most of us would agree that the value of a human life would be in the millions. Consistent with the foundations of our democracy and our frequently professed belief in the inherent dignity of human beings, we would also agree that all humans are created equal, at least to the extent of denying that differences of sex, ethnicity, nationality and place of residence change the value of a human life. Q. andRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods: We Must Proceed Cautiously Essay3047 Words   |  13 Pagesmore of its characteristics†. Genetic technologies in crops involve the use of GE to change the make-up of certain plants in order to improve their quality or quantity. This essay will critique the following inference that: For centuries human beings have used conventional techniques of selective breeding and cross-breeding of animals and plants to add desired characteristics and reduce or eliminate unwanted ones. New genetic technologies should be welcomed as providing more efficient, effective andRead MorePharmaceutical Price Controls in the Oecd Countries47662 Words   |  191 PagesDefined Daily Dose Drug Master File European Economic Area European Medicines Agency European Patent Convention Food and Drug Administration gross domestic product U.S. Department of Health and Human Services International Monetary Fund intellectual property rights Korean Food and Drug Administration kilogram lowest transaction price Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency Ministry of Health and Welfare Mutual Insurance Funds New Active Substances NationalRead MoreLas 432 Research Paper: Gmos20901 Words   |  84 Pages- D#03452598 Terrance O’Connor - D#01683321 Abstract This report discusses Genetically Modified Organisms from the perspective of a pro and con standpoint. It will be up to the reader to determine what opinion or viewpoint in which they will have in regards to this subject. The mission of the authors of this report is to, in a collaborative fashion; provide a detailed and informative report on the subject of Genetically Modified Organisms and the technology involved with it. Genetically ModifiedRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography: Plagiarism39529 Words   |  158 Pages Luke, B. and Kearins, K. (2012), Attribution of words versus attribution of responsibilities: Academic plagiarism and university practice. Vaccine, 30(50): 7131-7133. Rushby, N. (2013), Plagiarism. British Journal of Educational Technology, 44:  3 4. Vitse, C. L. and Poland, G. A. (2012), Plagiarism, self-plagiarism, scientific misconduct, and VACCINE: Protecting the science and the public. Organization, 19(6): 881- 889. Global Health Bibliography Carabali, J. M. and Hendricks, D. (2012),